Effects of sunn pest (Eurygaster integriceps) damage ratio on physical, chemical, and technological characteristics of wheat
Main Article Content
Keywords
physical characteristic, sunn pest, sunn pest damage ratio, technological characteristic,, wheat quality
Abstract
Sunn pest (SP) reduces both wheat yield and quality. Different researchers reported different sunn pest damage ratios (SPDR) in the range of 0.3 to 10%, which can lead to confusion on the determination of the level of destroying the technological quality of wheat. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of SPDR on two bread wheat quality. In the study, Golia and Sagittario wheat varieties with SPDR of 3.92 and 7.8% were used, respectively. Selection of SP damaged kernels in each variety was made manually. Experimental samples were prepared by separating damaged kernels from wheat bulk and then by mixing sound kernels at different ratios of 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 100%. These damaged samples were compared with undamaged sample (0% = control). Main physical, chemical, and technological characteristics of two variety wheat groups were determined. It was observed that SPDR in wheat bulk plays an important role in quality characteristics of wheat varieties. The increase in SPDR in wheat bulk caused a decrease on physical and technological characteristics. SPDR significantly affected thousands of kernels and hectolitre weight of wheat varieties. Crude fibre and ash contents of samples increased sharply; crude protein, dry gluten, and starch contents decreased partially; falling number, delayed zeleny sedimentation test, and delayed gluten index values decreased accurately depending on increasing level of SPDR in wheat bulk. It was found that the decrease in quality characteristics started with 2% SPDR and wheat-flour properties reduced significantly after 4% in both wheat varieties.
References
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Critchley, B.R., 1998. Literature review of sunn pest Eurygaster integriceps Put. (Hemiptera, Scutelleridae). Crop Protection 17: 271-287.
D?raman, H., 2009. Effect of suni-bug (Eurygaster spp.) damage on some biochemical properties of bread wheat variety (Bezostaja). Asian Journal of Chemistry 21: 7049-7053.
D?raman, H., 2010. Effect of microwaves on technological and rheological properties of suni-bug (Eurygaster spp.) damaged and undamaged wheat flour. Food Science Technology Research 16: 313-318.
D?raman, H. and Atli, A., 2005. Occuring physical changes on some gluten properties of suni-damaged wheat steam tempering. In: Proceedings of the 4th GAP Agriculture Congress, September 21-23, 2005, Harran University, ?anl?urfa, Turkey, Volume 1, pp. 1466-1471.
D?raman, H., Boyac?o?lu, M.H., Boyac?o?lu, D. and Khan, K., 2013. The effect of steam tempering of insect (wheat bug, Eurygaster spp.) damaged on some protein fractions and farinogram values. G?da Dergisi 38: 359-365.
Dizlek, H. and ?slamo?lu, M., 2009. Effects of sunn pest (Eurygaster integriceps) damage ratio on gluten quantity and quality of wheat varieties. Hasad G?da Dergisi 25: 44-49.
Dizlek, H. and ?slamo?lu, M., 2015. Effects of sunn pest (Eurygaster maura L. Heteroptera; Scutelleridae) sucking number on physical and physicochemical characteristics of wheat varieties. Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality 88: 10-15.
Dizlek, H., Özer, M.S. and Gül, H., 2008a. Physical characteristics of sunn pest (Eurygaster integriceps) damaged wheat separated into categories according to infection ratio. In: Köksel, H., Uygun, U. and Ba?man, A. (eds.) Proceedings of Bosphorus 2008 ICC international conference, April 24-26, 2008, ?stanbul, Turkey, p. 165.
Dizlek, H., Özer, M.S. and Gül, H., 2008b. Determination of amylase activity in insect (Eurygaster integriceps) damaged wheats. In: Köksel, H., Uygun, U. and Ba?man, A. (eds.) Proceedings of Bosphorus 2008 ICC international conference, April 24-26, 2008, ?stanbul, Turkey, p. 164.
Elgün, A., Ertugay, Z., Certel, M. and Kotanc?lar, H.G., 2002. Analytical quality control of cereal and products and laboratory practice guide. Ataturk University Faculty of Agriculture Offset Facility, Erzurum, Turkey, 245 pp.
El-Haramein, F.J., Williams, P. and Rashwani, A., 1984. A simple test for the degree of damage caused in wheat by suni bug (Eurygastersp.) infestation. Rachis 3: 11-12.
Every, D., Farrell, J.A., Stufkens, M.W. and Wallace, A.R., 1998. Wheat cultivar susceptibility to grain damage by the New Zealand wheat bug, Nysius huttoni, and cultivar susceptibility to the effects of bug proteinase on baking quality. Journal of Cereal Science 27: 37-46.
Every, D., Farrell, J.A.K. and Stufkens, M.W., 1989. Effects of Nysius huttoni on the protein and baking properties of two New Zealand wheat cultivars. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science 17: 55-60.
Every, D., Farrell, J.A.K. and Stufkens, M.W., 1990. Wheat-bug damage in New Zealand wheats: the feeding mechanism of Nysius huttoniand its effect on the morphological and physiological development of wheat. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 50: 297-309.
General Directorate of Food and Control, 2015. Food and control general directorate, April 2015 [in Turkish]. General Directorate of Food and Control, Ankara, Turkey. Available at: http://www.tarim.gov.tr/sgb/Belgeler/SagMenuVeriler/GKGM.pdf.
Greenaway, W.T., Neustadt, M.H. and Zeleny, L., 1965. Communication to the editor: a test for stink bug damage in wheat. Cereal Chemistry 42: 577-579.
Hariri, G., Williams, P.C. and El-Haramein, F.J., 2000. Influence of pentatomid insects on the physical dough properties and two-layered flat bread baking quality of Syrian wheat. Journal of Cereal Science 31: 111-118.
Hoseney, R.C., 1994. Principles of cereal science and technology. AACC Inc., St. Paul, MN, USA, 378 pp.
International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), 1983. Counteracting suni bug damage to wheat flour baking quality. ICARDA Highlights 82. ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria, pp. 17-18.
Josephides, C.M., 1993. Infestation of Cyprus durum wheat by suni bug and its effect on the physical dough properties. Technical-Bulletin no. 156, Agricultural Research Institute, Aglantzia, Cyprus, pp. 1-8.
Karababa, E. and Ozan, A.N., 1998. Effect of wheat bug (Eurygaster integriceps) damage on quality of a wheat variety grown in Turkey. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 77: 399-403.
Kent, N.L., 1982. Technology of cereals. Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK, 221 pp.
Kinaci, E. and Kinaci, G., 2004. Quality and yield losses due to sunn pest (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae) in different wheat types in Turkey. Field Crops Research 89:187-195.
Kinaci, E., Kinaci, G., Y?ld?r?m, A.F. and Atli, A., 1998. Sunn pest problems in central Anatolia and the role of wheat varieties in integrated control. Euphytica 100: 63-67.
Köksel, H., Atli, A., Da?, A. and Sivri, D., 2002. Commercial milling of sunn pest (Eurygaster spp.) damaged wheat. Nahrung-Food 46: 25-27.
Köksel, H. and Sivri, D., 2002. Various characteristics of sunn pest and wheat stinkbug enzymes and the effects of gluten proteins. In: Proceedings book of Cereal 2002, Cereal Products Technology Congress and Fair, October 3-4, 2002, Gaziantep, Turkey, pp. 49-56.
Kosmin, N., 1933. Contribution to the knowledge of slimy gluten wheats. Muhlenlaboratorium 3: 185.
Kretovich, V.L., 1944. Biochemistry of the damage to grain by the wheat-bug. Cereal Chemistry 21: 1-16.
Lee, H.S., Cho, C.H., Song, H.S. and Chang, H.G., 1983. Studies on the variation of quality traits and its selection efficiency in Triticum aestivum. In: Sakamota, S. (ed.) Proceedings of the 6th International Wheat Genetics Symposium, November 28-December 3, 1983, Kyoto, Japan, pp. 835-841.
Lodos, N., 1982. Turkey entomology ‘general, practical and faunistic’. Ege University, Faculty of Agriculture Offset Facilities, ?zmir, Turkey, 591 pp.
Lorenz, K. and Meredith, P., 1988a. Insect damaged wheat: effects on starch characteristics. Starch-Starke 40: 136-139.
Lorenz, K. and Meredith, P., 1988b. Insect damaged wheat: history of the problem, effects on baking quality, remedies. Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft and Technologie 21: 181-187.
Matsoukos, N.P. and Morrison, W.R., 1990. Bread making quality of ten greek bread-wheats and storage tests on bread made by long fermentation and activated (chemical) dough development processes, and the effects of bug damaged wheat. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 53: 363-377.
Meredith, P., 1970. ‘Bug’ damage in wheat. New Zealand Wheat Review 11: 49-53.
Olanca, B., Köro?lu, D., Sivri, D., Köksel, H., Dönmez, E. and ?anal, T., 2008. The extent of gluten degradation in bread wheat cultivars due to bug (Eurygaster spp.) proteases by SE-HPLC. In: Köksel, H., Uygun, U. and Ba?man, A. (eds.) Proceedings of Bosphorus 2008 ICC international conference, April 24-26, 2008, ?stanbul, Turkey, p. 140.
Özberk, I., Atli, A., Pfeiffer, W., Özberk, F. and Co?kun, Y., 2005. The effect of sunn pest (Eurigaster integriceps) damage on durum wheat: impact in the marketplace. Crop Protection 24: 267-274.
Özkaya, H. and Özkaya, B., 2005. Analysis methods of cereal and products. Sim Printing, Ankara, Turkey, 157 pp.
Paulian, F. and Popov, C., 1980. Sunn pest or cereal bug. In: Hafliger, E. (ed.) Wheat. Ciba-Geigy, Basel, Switzerland, pp. 69-74
Pérez, G., Bonet, A. and Rosell, C.M., 2005. Relationship between gluten degradation by Aelia spp. and Eurygaster spp. and protein structure. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 85: 1125-1130.
Perten, H., 1990. Rapid measurement of wet gluten quality by the gluten index. Cereal Foods World 35: 401-402.
Rashwani, A., 1984. Introduction to the major insect pests of wheat and barley in the Middle East and North Africa. ICARDA technical manual no. 9. ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria, 98 pp.
Rashwani, A. and Cardona, C., 1984. Effect of suni bug (Eurygaster integriceps Put.) damage on the yields of Hammari and Gezira-17 durum wheats. Rachis 3: 21.
Ravan, S., Mehrabadi, M. and Bandani, A.R., 2009. Biochemical characterization of digestive amylase of wheat bug, Eurygaster maura (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae). African Journal of Biotechnology 8: 3640-3648.
Redman, D.G., 1971. Softening of gluten by wheat proteases. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 22: 75-78.
Reynolds, M.P., Hobbs, P., Ortiz, R., Pietragalla. J. and Braun, H.J., 2008. International wheat improvement: highlights from an expert symposium. In: Reynolds, M.P., Pietragalla, J. and Braun, H.J. (eds.) International symposium on wheat yield potential: challenges to international wheat breeding. CIMMYT, Mexico, Mexico, pp. 1-7.
Rosell, C.M., Aja, S., Bean, S. and Lookhart, G., 2002a. Effect of Aelia spp. and Eurygaster spp. damage on wheat proteins. Cereal Chemistry 79: 801-805.
Rosell, C.M., Aja, S. and Sadowska, J., 2002b. Amylase activities in insect (Aelia and Eurygaster)-damaged wheat. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 82: 977-982.
Rumyantseva, V.I., 1981. Economic threshold of injuriousness of the most important pests of cereal crops [In Russian]. Zashchita Rastenii 12: 10-11.
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Aug 11, 2015
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